超低温油气回收设备是冷凝法油气回收技术中的高端装备，通过将油气冷却至极低温度（通常低于-100℃），使绝大多数有机组分从气相转变为液相，从而实现深度回收和超低排放。这类设备主要适用于处理从储罐、反应釜、精馏塔等排放的超高浓度溶剂油气。

Ultra low temperature oil and gas recovery equipment is a high-end equipment in condensation oil and gas recovery technology. By cooling the oil and gas to extremely low temperatures (usually below -100 ℃), the vast majority of organic components are transformed from gas phase to liquid phase, thereby achieving deep recovery and ultra-low emissions. This type of equipment is mainly suitable for processing ultra-high concentration solvent oil and gas discharged from storage tanks, reaction vessels, distillation towers, etc.

在技术原理层面，超低温油气回收设备基于不同烃类物质在不同温度下具有不同饱和蒸汽压的物理特性。通过逐级降温，将油气中的各组分依次冷凝分离。典型的深冷工艺流程为：含油气废气首先进入预冷器（约0℃），脱除水分和高沸点组分；随后进入一级冷凝器（-20℃至-40℃），回收中等沸点的有机物；最后进入深冷器（-120℃至-170℃），对低沸点组分进行深度冷凝。经过三级冷却后，废气中的绝大部分有机物被冷凝回收，剩余尾气再经吸附装置进行深度处理，最终实现达标排放。

At the technical principle level, ultra-low temperature oil and gas recovery equipment is based on the physical characteristics of different hydrocarbon substances having different saturated vapor pressures at different temperatures. By gradually cooling down, the components in the oil and gas are condensed and separated in sequence. The typical cryogenic process flow is as follows: the oil and gas containing waste gas first enters the pre cooler (about 0 ℃) to remove moisture and high boiling point components; Subsequently, it enters the first stage condenser (-20 ℃ to -40 ℃) to recover organic compounds with medium boiling points; Finally, it enters the deep cooler (-120 ℃ to -170 ℃) for deep condensation of low boiling point components. After three-stage cooling, the vast majority of organic matter in the exhaust gas is condensed and recovered, and the remaining exhaust gas is further treated by adsorption devices to achieve standard emissions.

超低温的实现方式主要有两种技术路线：机械制冷深冷和液氮深冷。机械制冷深冷采用多级压缩制冷循环，可达到-100℃左右的低温，适用于处理量适中、连续运行的工况。液氮深冷则以-196℃的液氮为冷源，将油气冷却至-120℃至-170℃。液氮在换热过程中气化，其产生的氮气还可用于储罐的氮封保护，实现冷量和气体的双重利用。以液氮深冷法油气回收装备为例，其废气处理效率可达97%，通过回收油品和氮气，每处理1立方米油气的综合效益可达0.5元。

There are mainly two technical routes for achieving ultra-low temperature: mechanical refrigeration cryogenic and liquid nitrogen cryogenic. Mechanical refrigeration adopts a multi-stage compression refrigeration cycle, which can achieve a low temperature of around -100 ℃ and is suitable for operating conditions with moderate processing capacity and continuous operation. Liquid nitrogen cryogenic cooling uses liquid nitrogen at -196 ℃ as the cooling source to cool oil and gas to -120 ℃ to -170 ℃. Liquid nitrogen vaporizes during the heat exchange process, and the generated nitrogen can also be used for nitrogen sealing protection of storage tanks, achieving dual utilization of cooling capacity and gas. Taking the liquid nitrogen cryogenic oil and gas recovery equipment as an example, its waste gas treatment efficiency can reach 97%. By recovering oil and nitrogen, the comprehensive benefit of treating 1 cubic meter of oil and gas can reach 0.5 yuan.

深冷技术的核心难点在于结霜结冰问题的防控。油气中携带的水汽在深冷条件下会凝结成冰，堵塞换热通道，导致装置停机。为此，先进的设计通过在预冷阶段最大限度地冷凝脱除水分，消除后续深冷过程的结冰结霜隐患。同时，采用板式换热器并增加裕度设计，延长停留时间，确保水汽在预冷阶段充分冷凝

The core difficulty of cryogenic technology lies in the prevention and control of frost and ice formation. The water vapor carried in oil and gas will condense into ice under deep cold conditions, blocking the heat exchange channels and causing the device to shut down. For this purpose, advanced design maximizes the condensation and removal of moisture during the pre cooling stage, eliminating the risk of icing and frosting in subsequent deep cooling processes. At the same time, plate heat exchangers are used with increased margin design to extend the residence time and ensure that water vapor is fully condensed during the pre cooling stage

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